ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Antibacterial effect of Medicago sativa extract on the common bacterial in sinusitis infection
Introduction: Sinusitis is a serious health hazard that is caused by inflammation of the surrounding sinus. Bacterial infection due to Streptococcus pneumonia microorganisms, Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis and Staphylococcus aureus one of the factors causing sinusitis and bronchitis. Medicago sativa is known as a precious medicinal plant. The purpose of this study was to investigate the antibacterial effect of Medicago sativa extract on common bacteria in sinusitis and bronchitis. Methods: In this experimental study, after root extraction of the plant by maceration method, first the quantitative Minimum Inhibitory growth Concentration (MIC) test was carried out and then disc diffusion quality test was perfoemed with the observance of standard strains for Streptococcus pneumonia, Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, and Staphylococcus aureus. Results: The results showed that MIC of Medicago sativa root extract against Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis was 125 mg/ml. Furthermore, the extract did not affect Staphylococcus aureus, and in all of the tubes turbidity and growth were observed. In the disc diffusion method, the diameter of the inhibition zone was 16 mm for Moraxella catarrhalis, 13 mm for Streptococcus pneumoniae and 10 mm for Haemophilus influenzae, and for Staphylococcus aureus, no inhibition zone was found around the disk containing the extract. Conclusion: The results of this study showed the inhibitory effect of Medicago sativa root extract on Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis. By extracting the important compounds of this plant, we can hope to make a suitable drug for the treatment of sinusitis.
https://www.ijbmph.com/article_55334_1d141f03a834c04ea88291d19e5d9831.pdf
2018-01-13
1
5
medicinal plants
Medicago sativa
Antibacterial Effect
Sinusitis
Hamid
Chegini
h.chegini2010@yahoo.com
1
Department of Immunology, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Mozhgan
Oshaghi
mozghan.oshaghi@yahoo.com
2
Faculty of Paramedical, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Mohammad Amin
Boshagh
m.boshagh2016@yahoo.com
3
Student Research Committee, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
AUTHOR
Poorya
Foroutan
foroutanpoorya@gmail.com
4
Student Research Committee, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
AUTHOR
Amir Hossein
Jahangiri
amirhossein.jahangiri2010@yahoo.com
5
Department of Immunology, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
1. Boase S, Foreman A, Cleland E, Tan L, Melton-Kreft R, Pant H, et al. The microbiome of chronic rhinosinusitis: culture, molecular diagnostics and biofilm detection. BMC infectious diseases. 2013;13(1):210. doi: 10.1186/1471-2334-13-210.
1
2. Rudmik L, Soler ZM. Adult Chronic Sinusitis. Jama. 2015;314(9):964. doi: 10.1001/jama.2015. 7892.
2
3. Macfarlane J, Holmes W, Gard P, Macfarlane R, Rose D, Weston V, et al. Prospective study of the incidence, aetiology and outcome of adult lower respiratory tract illness in the community. Thorax. 2001;56(2):109-114. doi: 10.1136/thorax.56.2.109
3
4. Kasper DL, Braunwald E, Fauci A, Hauser S, Longo D, Jameson JL. Harrison''s principles of internal medicine. New York. 2005:1467-8.
4
5. Fendrick AM, Saint S, Brook I, Jacobs MR, Pelton S, Sethi S. Diagnosis and treatment of upper respiratory tract infections in the primary care setting. Clinical therapeutics. 2001;23(10):1683-1706. PMID: 11726004
5
6. Bhattacharyya N, Kepnes LJ. The microbiology of recurrent rhinosinusitis after endoscopic sinus surgery. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1999;125(10):1117-20. PMID: 10522504
6
7. Larrondo J, Agut M, Calvo-Torras M. Antimicrobial activity of essences from labiates. Microbios. 1995;82(332):171-2. PMID: 7630324
7
8. Weinstein RA. Controlling antimicrobial resistance in hospitals: infection control and use of antibiotics. Emerg Infect Dis. 2001;7(2):188-192.
8
9. Lin J, Opoku A, Geheeb-Keller M, Hutchings A, Terblanche S, Jäger AK, et al. Preliminary screening of some traditional zulu medicinal plants for anti-inflammatory and anti-microbial activities. J Ethnopharmacol. 1999;68(1):267-74. PMID: 10624887
9
10. JOY GS, GEORGE P. Antimicrobial screening of Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) in various bacterial strains. Int J Pharm Drug Anal. 2014;2:65-9.
10
11. Malinow M, McLaughlin P, Stafford C, Livingston AL, Kohler GO, Cheeke PR. Comparative effects of alfalfa saponins and alfalfa fiber on cholesterol absorption in rats. Am J Clin Nutr. 1979;32(9):1810-2. PMID: 474470
11
12. Amraie E, Farsani MK, Sadeghi L, Khan TN, Babadi VY, Adavi Z. The effects of aqueous extract of alfalfa on blood glucose and lipids in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Interv Med Appl Sci. 2015;7(3):124-8. doi: 10.1556/1646.7.2015.3.7
12
13. Elakovich SD, Hampton JM. Analysis of coumestrol, a phytoestrogen, in alfalfa tablets sold for human consumption. J Agric Food Chem. 1984;32(1):173-5. PMID: 6707329
13
14. Farsani MK, Amraie E, Kavian P, Keshvari M. Effects of aqueous extract of alfalfa on hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia in alloxan-induced diabetic Wistar rats. Interv Med Appl Sci. 2016;8(3):103-8. doi: 10.1556/1646.8.2016.3.5.
14
15. Hong Y-H, Chao W-W, Chen M-L, Lin B-F. Ethyl acetate extracts of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) sprouts inhibit lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation in vitro and in vivo. J Biomed Sci. 2009;16(1):64. doi: 10.1186/1423-0127-16-64
15
16. Asgary S, Moshtaghian J, Hosseini M, Siadat H. Effects of alfalfa on lipoproteins and fatty streak formation in hypercholesterolemic rabbits. Pak J Pharm Sci. 2008;21(4) :460-4. PMID: 18930871
16
17. Mehranjani M, Shariatzadeh M, Desfulian A, Noori M, Abnosi M, Moghadam Z. Effects of Medicago sativa on nephropathy in diabetic rats. Indian J Pharm Sci. 2007;69(6):768-772. DOI: 10.4103/0250-474X.39431
17
18. Marino M, Bersani C, Comi G. Antimicrobial activity of the essential oils of Thymus vulgaris L. measured using a bioimpedometric method. J Food Prot. 1999;62(9):1017-23. PMID: 10492476
18
19. Gradwohl RBH, Sonnenwirth AC, Jarett L. Gradwohl''s clinical laboratory methods and diagnosis: Mosby; 1980.
19
20. Forbes B, Sahm D, Weissfeld A, Bailey Ss. Diagnostic microbiology 12th Edition: Mosby Elsevier, St. Louis, MO. 2007:778-81.
20
21. Chua LS. A review on plant-based rutin extraction methods and its pharmacological activities. J Ethnopharmacol. 2013;150(3):805-17. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.10.036.
21
22. Nostro A, Germano M, D’angelo V, Marino A, Cannatelli M. Extraction methods and bioautography for evaluation of medicinal plant antimicrobial activity. Lett Appl Microbiol. 2000;30(5):379-84. PMID: 10792667
22
23. Chavan SS, Jadhav RS, Khemnar KS, Tambe VB. Evaluation of antibacterial activity and phytochemical screening of Medicago sativa leaves. Int J Curr Res Acad Rev. 2015;3(5):308-13.
23
24. Sadowska B, Budzyńska A, Więckowska-Szakiel M, Paszkiewicz M, Stochmal A, Moniuszko-Szajwaj B, et al. New pharmacological properties of Medicago sativa and Saponaria officinalis saponin-rich fractions addressed to Candida albicans. J Med Microbiol. 2014;63(8):1076-86. doi: 10.1099/jmm.0.075291-0
24
25. Doss A, Parivuguna V, Vijayasanthi M, Surendran S. Antibacterial evaluation and phytochemical analysis of Medicago sativa L. against some microbial pathogens. Indian J Sci Technol. 2011;4(5):550-2.
25
26. Aliahmadi A, Roghanian R, Emtiazi G, Ghassempour A. A simple method for primary screening of antibacterial peptides in plant seeds. Iran J Microbiol. 2011;3(2):104-8. PMID: 22347591
26
27. EL-Kamali HH, EL-Amir MY. Antibacterial activity and phytochemical screening of ethanolic extracts obtained from selected Sudanese medicinal plants. Current Research J Biological Sciences. 2010;2(2):143-6.
27
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The correlation between rheumatoid factor and anti cyclic citrullinated peptides with gene expression of FoxP3 in rheumatoid artheritis patients
Introduction: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disorder that affect 1-2% of people worldwide. Inflammation is an important factor in the pathogenesis of RA. Anti- Cyclic Citrullinated Peptid (Anti-CCP) antibody and Rheumatoid Factor (RF) are autoantibodies that promotes inflammatory reactions and have a crucial role in RA pathogenesis. Treg cells are necessary for the maintenance of immune homeostasis and prevention of autoimmunity. FoxP3 is essential transcription factor for development of these regulatory cells. In this study, we surveyed the effects of FoxP3 gene expression in peripheral blood on plasma levels of Anti-CCP and RF. Methods: Peripheral blood samples were collected from 47 patients and 44 healthy subjects. Then plasma levels of Anti-CCP have been evaluated using ELISA method. Also RF was detected with latex agglutination test, and gene expression of FoxP3 analyzed by real time PCR . Results: The amount of Anti-CCP and RF were significantly higher in our patients in comparison with healthy subjects (P<0.001) and (P< 0.001) respectively. Also significant reverse correlation between RF and Anti-CCP with gene expression of FoxP3 have been shown in our study (r: -0.630, r: -0.584) respectivly. The sensitivity and specificity of Anti-CCP and RF was (89.1%, 86.95%) and (91.3%, 91.1%) respectively for the diagnosis of RA. Conclusion: Our data illustrated that FoxP3 gene expression have reverse significant correlation with plasma concentration of anti-CCP and RF.
https://www.ijbmph.com/article_55339_5e8ab3e0abfb07fd153ecfb17d8e83e6.pdf
2018-01-13
6
11
10.22631/ijbmph.2018.55339
Rheumatoid arthritis
FOXP3
Rheumatoid factor
Anti-CCP
Nasrin
Iranshahi
nasriniranshahi@yahoo.com
1
Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah,Iran
AUTHOR
Seyed Mojtaba
Amiri
sm.amiri@yahoo.com
2
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah,Iran
AUTHOR
Parisa
Zafari
pzafari.70@gmail.com
3
Departmen of Immunology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran/Student Research Committee, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
AUTHOR
Mahdi
Taghaddosi
mtaghad@gmail.com
4
Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
1 .Allegri G, Costa CV, Ragazzi E, Steinhart H, Laresio L. Developments in tryptophan and serotonin metabolism. New york: Springer Science & Business Media; 2012. Doi: 10.1007/978-1-4615-0135-0
1
2.Arshadi D, Nikbin B, Shakiba Y, Kiani A, Jamshidi AR, Boroushaki MT. Plasma level of neopterin as amarker of disease activity in treated rheumatoid arthritis patients: association with gender, disease activity and anti-CCP antibody. Intimmunopharmacol. 2013;17(3):763-767. doi: 10.1016/j.intimp.2013.08.022.
2
3.Azevedo ARP, de Sousa HML, Monteiro JAF, Lima ARNP. Future perspectives of smartphone applications for rheumatic diseases self-management. Rheumatol Int. 2015;35(3):419-431. doi: 10.1007/s00296-014-3117-9
3
4 .Ricklin D, Hajishengallis G, Yang K, Lambris JD. Complement: a key system for immune surveillance and homeostasis. Nat Immunol. 2010;11(9):785-797. doi: 10.1038/ni.1923
4
5. Jang E, Cho WS, Cho M-L, Park H-J, Oh H-J, Kang SM, et al. Foxp3+ regulatory T cells control humoral autoimmunity by suppressing the development of long-lived plasma cells. J Immunol. 2011;186(3):1546-1553. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.1002942
5
6.LeipeJ, Skapenko A, Lipsky PE, Schulze-Koops H. Regulatory T cells in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Res Ther. 2005;7(3):93. doi: 10.1186/ar1718
6
7.Ehrenstein MR, Evans JG, Singh A, Moore S, Warnes G, Isenberg DA, et al. Compromised function of regulatory T cells in rheumatoid arthritis and reversal by anti-TNFα therapy. J Exp Med. 2004;200(3):277-285. doi: 10.1084/jem.20040165
7
8. Wing JB, Sakaguchi S. Foxp3+ Treg cells in humoral immunity. Int Immunol. 2013;26(2):61-69. doi: 10.1093/intimm/dxt060
8
9. Chung Y, Tanaka S, Chu F, Nurieva RI, Martinez GJ, Rawal S, et al. Follicular regulatory T cells expressing Foxp3 and Bcl-6 suppress germinal center reactions. Nat Med. 2011;17(8):983-988. doi:10.1038/nm.2426
9
10 .Matsui T, Shimada K, Ozawa N, Hayakawa H, Hagiwara F, Nakayama H, et al. Diagnostic utility of anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies for very early rheumatoid arthritis. J Rheumatol. 2006;33(12):2390-2397. doi: 10.1007/s10067-008-1035-5
10
11.Niewold TB, Harrison M, Paget S. Anti-CCP antibody testing as a diagnostic and prognostic tool in rheumatoid arthritis. J Assoc Physic. 2007;100(4):193-201. doi: 10.1093/qjmed/hcm015
11
12 .Zendman A, Van Venrooij W, Pruijn G. Use and significance of anti-CCP autoantibodies in rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatology. 2005;45(1):20-25. doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/kei111
12
13. Song Y, Kang E. Autoantibodies in rheumatoid arthritis: rheumatoid factors and anticitrullinated protein antibodies. QJM: Int J Med. 2009;103(3):139-146. doi: 10.1093/qjmed/hcp165
13
14. Wing JB, Ise W, Kurosaki T, Sakaguchi S. Regulatory T cells control antigen-specific expansion of Tfh cell number and humoral immune responses via the coreceptor CTLA-4. Immunity. 2014;41(6):1013-1025. doi: 10.1016/j.immuni.2014.12.006
14
15. Sun H, Gao W, Pan W, Zhang Q, Wang G, Feng D, et al. Tim3+ Foxp3+ Treg Cells Are Potent Inhibitors of Effector T Cells and Are Suppressed in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Inflammation. 2017:1-9. doi: 10.1007/s10753-017-0577-6
15
16.Shoenfeld Y, Blank M, Abu-Shakra M, Amital H, Barzilai O, Berkun Y, et al. The mosaic of autoimmunity: prediction, autoantibodies, and therapy in autoimmune diseases--2008. Isr Med Assoc J. 2008;10(1):13.
16
17.Duarte J, Agua-Doce A, Oliveira VG, Fonseca JE, Graca L. Modulation of IL-17 and Foxp3 expression in the prevention of autoimmune arthritis in mice. PloS one. 2010;5(5):e10558. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0010558
17
18.Han GM, O’Neil-Andersen NJ, Zurier RB, Lawrence DA. CD4+ CD25 high Tcell numbers are enriched in the peripheral blood of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Cell Immunol. 2008;253(1):92-101. doi: 10.1186/ar4545
18
19 .Huan J, Culbertson N, Spencer L, Bartholomew R, Burrows GG, Chou YK, et al. Decreased FOXP3 levels in multiple sclerosispatients. J Neurosci Res. 2005;81(1):45-52. doi:10.1002/jnr.20522
19
20.Nie H, Zheng Y, Li R, Guo TB, He D, Fang L, et al. Phosphorylation of FOXP3 controls regulatory T cell function and is inhibited by TNF-[alpha] in rheumatoid arthritis. Nat Med. 2013;19(3):322-328. doi: 10.1038/nm.3085
20
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Seroepidemiological study of toxoplasmosis in hemodialysis patients of Ahvaz, Southwest of Iran
Introduction: Toxoplasma gondii infects most warm-blooded vertebrates. Because of the immunodeficiency in hemodialysis patients, these individuals are at higher risk for reactivating chronic toxoplasmosis. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate seroepidemiology of toxoplasmosis in hemodialysis patients of Ahvaz, southwest of Iran during 2015-2016. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study. A total of 160 participants, 80 hemodialysis patients (test group) and 80 healthy persons (control group) were randomly selected. IgG and IgM against T. gondii was measured by CLIA (Chemiluminescence) and ELISA (Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) tests. To analyze the data from Chi-square test, and SPSS statistical software of version 21 was used. Results: In hemodialysis patients, 35 (43.8%) and 25 (31.3%) were positive for the antibody of IgG by ELISA and CLIA, respectively. In healthy individuals, a positive result of 22 (27.5%) and 13 (16.3%) were obtained by ELISA and CLIA, respectively. In hemodialysis patients, 5 (6.3%) and 4 (5%) was positive by ELISA and by CLIA, respectively. In healthy individuals, a positive of 4 (5%) were obtained by ELISA and CLIA. The antibodies of IgG in hemodialysis patients was significantly higher than healthy individuals by ELISA and CLIA (P <.05). Conclusion: The prevalence of Toxoplasma in hemodialysis patients was higher than healthy subjects. Our finding showed a relatively high prevalence of the parasite among hemodialysis patients and healthy individuals in Ahvaz. So, the health authorities of Ahvaz city must pay more attention to control of the infection, especially in hemodialysis patients.
https://www.ijbmph.com/article_55340_114a930ebec5e675121a77f42a91cf47.pdf
2018-01-13
12
16
10.22631/ijbmph.2018.55340
Seroepidemiology
Toxoplasma gondii
Hemodialysis
Ahvaz
Iran
Forough
Kazemi
forough.kazemi47@gmail.com
1
Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Science, Ahvaz, Iran.
AUTHOR
Somayeh
Fallahizadeh
somayeh.labratory@gmail.com
2
Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Science, Ahvaz, Iran.
LEAD_AUTHOR
Mohammad Hosein
Feizhadad
feizhadad22@yahoo.com
3
Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Science, Ahvaz, Iran.
AUTHOR
1. Gharavi M, Rahnama N, Jahani M. Seroepidemiological survey of Toxoplasma infections of mentally retarded children. Iran J Public Health. 2005;34(1):19-22.
1
2. Gharavi M, Jalali S, Khademvatan S, Heydari S. Detection of IgM and IgG anti-Toxoplasma antibodies in renal transplant recipients using ELFA, ELISA and ISAGA methods: comparison of pre-and post-transplantation status. Ann Trop Med Parasito. 2011;105(5):367-71. DOI: 10.1179/1364859411Y.0000000022.
2
3. Jeannel D, Niel G, Costagliola D, Danis M, Traore BM, Gentililini M. Epidemiology of toxoplasmosis among pregnant women in the Paris area. Int J Epidemiol. 1988;17(3):595-602. PMID:3264821.
3
4. Jones JL, Ogunmodede F, Scheftel J, Kirkland E, Lopez A, Schulkin J, et al. Toxoplasmosis-related knowledge and practices among pregnant women in the United States. Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol. 2003;11(3):139-45. PMID:15022874.
4
5. Dubey JP. The history of Toxoplasma gondii—the first 100 years. J Eukaryot Microbiol. 2008;55(6):467-75. DOI:10.1111/j.1550-7408.2008.00345.x
5
6. Ahmadpour E, Daryani A, Sharif M, Sarvi S, Aarabi M, Mizani A, et al. Toxoplasmosis in immunocompromised patients in Iran: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Infect Dev Ctries. 2014;8(12):1503-10.
6
7. Soltani S, Khademvatan S, Saki J, Shahbazian H. Detection of Toxoplasmosis in Renal Transplant Recipients by ELISA and PCR Methods in Ahvaz, South-West of Iran. Jundishapur J Microbiol. 2013;6(9). PMID:25500647.
7
8. Saki J, Khademvatan S, Soltani S, Shahbazian H. Detection of toxoplasmosis in patients with end-stage renal disease by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and polymerase chain reaction methods. Parasitol Res. 2013;112(1):163-8. DOI: 10.1007/s00436-012-3120-6.
8
9. Nasiri V, Esmailnia K, Karim G, Nasir M, Akhavan O. Intestinal parasitic infections among inhabitants of Karaj City, Tehran province, Iran in 2006-2008. Korean J Parasitol. 2009;47(3):265. DOI: 0.3347/kjp.2009.47.3.265.
9
10. Firouz ZE, Kaboosi H, Nasiri AF, Tabatabaie SS, Golhasani-Keshtan F, Zaboli F. A comparative serological study of toxoplasmosis in pregnant women by CLIA and ELISA methods in Chalus City Iran. Iran Red Crescent Med J. 2014;16(4). DOI: 10.5812/ircmj.15115.
10
11. Mousavi SSB, Faramarzi M. Do we Need to Screen Uremic Patients for Toxoplasmosis before Kidney Transplantation? Shiraz E-Med J.. 2013;14(4).
11
12. Nissapatorn V, Leong TH, Lee R, Ibrahim J, Yen TS. Seroepidemiology of toxoplasmosis in renal patients. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. 2011;42(2):237. PMID:21710842.
12
13. Rezavand B, Poornaki AM, Mokhtari KR, Mohammad A, Andalibian A, Abdi J. Identification and determination of the prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in patients with chronic renal failure by ELISA and PCR. Asian Pac J Trop Dis. 2016;6(5):347-9. DOI: 10.1016/S2222-1808(15)61044-1
13
14. Rasti S, Hassanzadeh M, Soliemani A, Hooshyar H, Mousavi SGA, Nikoueinejad H, et al. Serological and molecular survey of toxoplasmosis in renal transplant recipients and hemodialysis patients in Kashan and Qom regions, central Iran. Ren Fail. 2016:1-4. DOI: 10.3109/0886022X.2016.1172940.
14
15. Zadeh AE, Bamedi T, Etemadi S, Shahrakipour M, Saryazdipour K. Toxoplasmosis as a complication of transfusion in hemodialysis patients. Iran J Ped Hematol Oncol. 2014;4(1):22. PMID:24734160.
15
16. Maraghi S, Yadyad MJ, Sheikhi M, Shamakhteh F, Latifi SM. Study the anti-Toxoplasma antibodies (IgG and IgM) in hemodialysis patients of Abadan and Khoramshahr cities Southwest Iran in 2011 using ELISA. Jundishapur J Microbiol. 2013;6(7). DOI:10.5812/jjm.7113.
16
17. Ocak S, Duran N, Eskiocak AF, Aytac H. Anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in hemodialysis patients receiving long-term hemodialysis therapy in Turkey. Saudi Med J. 2005;26(9):1378-82. PMID:16155651.
17
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Effect of acute and chronic coenzyme Q10 supplementation on creatine kinase after exhaustive aerobic activity
Introduction: Fatigue and muscle ache, is a common and prevalent experience after physical activity, especially exhausting activities. The purpose of this study was to investigate the acute and chronic effects of supplementation of coenzyme Q10 on creatine kinase after exhausting aerobic activity in soccer players. Methods: Twelve male soccer players who did not have a history of muscular injury since six months ago volunteered to participate in the study. They were examined in three groups of acute, chronic and control. In order to induce muscle damage, a Bruce exhaustive test was performed and to determine the level of creatine kinase blood samples were taken before and after Bruce test. In the acute situation, one day before the Bruce test, two Q10 supplements (each 100 mg) and in chronic situation Bruce''s test was performed after eight weeks of supplementation. To analyze the data, dependent t-test was used at a significant level of P ≤ 0.05. Results: Diagnosis of muscle damage was assessed by measuring the biochemical changes of the creatine kinase enzyme. Statistical analysis showed no significant changes in the level of creatine kinase in acute situation (p>0.05), but there was a significant decrease in chronic supplementation (p
https://www.ijbmph.com/article_55343_8b5ddb20130451cf203ef246ae55c946.pdf
2018-01-13
17
22
Coenzyme Q10
Creatine kinase
Exhaustive Bruce test
Parvaneh
Valadbeigi
1
Department of Physiology, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
AUTHOR
Naser
Behpour
n_behpoor@yahoo.com
2
Department of Physiology, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Vahid
Tadibi
3
Department of Physiology, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
AUTHOR
1. Ehrman JK. American College of Sports Medicine. ACSM''sresource manual for Guidelines for exercise testing and prescription. 6th ed. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 2010; pp 2-84.
1
2. Fu X, Ji R, and Dam J. Antifatigue effect of coenzyme Q10 in mice. J Med Food. 2010;13:211-5.
2
3. Shimomura Y, Suzuki M, Sugiyama S, Hanaki Y, and Ozawa T. Protective effect of coenzyme Q10 on exercise-induced muscular injury. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1991;176:349-55.
3
4. Kon M, Kimura F, Akimoto T, Tanabe K, Murase Y, Ikemune S, Kono I. Effect of Coenzyme Q10 supplementation on exercise-induced muscular injury of rats. Exerc Immunol Rev. 2007;13:76-88.
4
5. Kon M, Tanabe K, Akimoto T, Kimura F, Tanimura Y, Shimizu K. Reducing exercise- induced muscular injury in kendo athletes with supplementation of coenzyme Q10. Br J Nutr. 2008;100,903-909. doi:10.1017/S0007114508926544
5
6.Nejatmand N, Ramezani A, Barati A. Effect of Consumption short-term CoQ10 supplementation on markers of delayed onset muscle soreness. RJMS. 2014;21(119) ,77-85.
6
7. Behpoor N, Rahimi N. Study and comparison of Ultrasound and Ice massage effect on delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) signs. J Sport. Pec. 2010; 8:15-26.
7
8.Meir M, Dumke CL and Urbiztondo ZU. Relationship between serum creatine kinase activity following exercise– induced muscle damage and muscle fibrecompositin. J Sports Sci. 2010;28(3):257-66. doi:10.1080/02640410903440892
8
9. Zuliani U, Bonetti A, Campana M, Cerioli G, Solito F, Novarini A. The influence of ubiquinone (CoQ10) on the metabolic response to work. J Spo Med Phys Fit. 1989;29(1):57-62.
9
10. William JV, Stogsdill WW, Judy DS. Coenzyme Q10 facts or fabrications. Natural Products INSIDER. 2007; 2: 1 – 4.
10
11. Armanfar M, Jafari A, Dehghan Gh.R, Abdizadeh L. Effect of coenzyme Q10 supplementation on exercise-induced response of inflammatory indicators and blood lactate in male runners. Med J Islam Repub Iran. 2015;29:202.
11
12. changizi M. Ebrahimi M. Avandi M. Acute effects of coenzyme Q10 supplement on serum parameters of oxidative stress following one session of resistance training in male college athlete. J Koomesh. 2015(4):603-610.
12
13. Andersson H, Bøhn SK, Raastad T, Paulsen G, Blomhoff R,Kadi F. Differences in the inflammatory plasma cytokine response following two elite female soccer games separated by a 72-h recovery. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2010;20(5):740-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0838.2009.00989.x
13
14. Aslan R,sekeroglu.M.R,Tarakcioglu M,Bayiroglu F,Meral I. Effect of acute regular exercise on antioxidative enzymes,tissue damage markers and membrane lipid per oxidation of erytrocytes in sedentary students. Tr J Med Sci. 1996;28,411-414.
14
15. Beal MF. Neurochemistry and toxin models in Huntington’s disease. Curr Opin Neurol.1994;7(6):542–547.
15
16. Belardinelli R, Muçaj A, Lacalaprice F. Coenzyme Q10 and exercise training in chronic heart failure. Eur Heart J. 1985;27(22):2675-2681. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehl158
16
17.Bhaskar PA, Raut SE, Hawaldar VB. The effect ofexercise on platelet aggregagability and other cardiovascular parameters. Inte J of Basic Med Sci. 2012; 6(2):27-41
17
18. Cooke M, Iosia M, Buford T, Shelmadine B, Hudson G, Kerksick C, et al. Effects of acute and 14-day coenzyme Q10 supplementation on exercise performance in both trained and untrained individuals. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2008. 5:8. doi: 10.1186/1550-2783-5-8
18
19. Littarru GP,Tiano L.Bioenergetic and antioxidant properties of coenzyme Q10: recent developments. Mol Biotechnol. 2007; 37:31-7. doi:10.1007/S12033-007-0052y
19
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The effect of education based on the Health Belief Model in mothers about behaviors that prevent febrile seizure in children
Introduction: Fever is one of the most concerning issues in public health, which occurs fairly frequently and is a precursor for the occurrence of seizure in childhood between ages of 6 months to 6 year children. Therefore the current study aims to determine the effect of education based on Health Belief Model (HBM) in mothers about preventive behaviors regarding febrile convulsion in children. Methods: This study was conducted as a randomized clinical trial in which 200 mothers (were divided to intervention (case) and control groups randomly) with children 6 months to 3 years referring to health centers in Rezvanshahr participated. The data collection instruments is a questionnaire developed based on HBM. This survey included questions on knowledge, aspects of health belief model, and performance. After needs analysis that was done in the pretest, the educational program was designed and implemented in the experimental condition based on the aspects of the model. Results: There was no significant difference between the two groups in demographic variables (P>0.05). The average knowledge score, aspects of the model, and performance increased significantly in the case group (P<0.05). Conclusion: The results of this study indicated that the design and implementation of an educational program based on HBM and based on the predictive beliefs and culture and education of the mothers was effective in preventing febrile convulsion.
https://www.ijbmph.com/article_55452_964b39c39e2a3f741f961c2c628e7226.pdf
2018-01-15
23
29
10.22631/ijbmph.2018.55452
Education
Health behavior
Febrile seizures
Prevention
Mothers
Seyedeh Masoumeh
Mousavi Dogahe
masoomeh_mosavi58@yahoo.com
1
Social Departments of Health Research Center (SDHRC), Guilan University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Rasht, Iran
AUTHOR
Afsaneh
Pasha
2
Instructor Of Community Health Nursing, Social Departments of Health Research Center (SDHRC), Guilan University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Rasht, Iran
AUTHOR
Minoomitra
Chehrzad
mchehrzad@yahoo.com
3
Instructor of Pediatric Nursing, Social Departments of Health Research Center (SDHRC), Guilan University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Rasht, Iran
AUTHOR
Zahra
AtrkarRoshan
4
Assistant professor of biostatistics, Social Departments of Health Research Center (SDHRC), Guilan University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Rasht, Iran
AUTHOR
1. Demir F, Sekreter O. Knowledge, attitudes and misconceptions of primary care physicians regarding fever in children: a cross sectional study. Ital J Pediatr. 2012;38(1):40. doi: 10.1186/1824-7288-38-40
1
2. Edbor AJ, Arora AK, Mukherjee PS. Early Management of Fever: Benefits of Combination Therapy. Bombay Hospital Journal. 2011;53(4):702-5.
2
3. Marcdante K, Kliegman RM. Nelson Essentials of Pediatrics E-Book: Elsevier Health Sciences; 2014.
3
4. Oche OM, Onankpa OB. Using women advocacy groups to enhance knowledge and home management of febrile convulsion amongst mothers in a rural community of Sokoto State. Pan Afr Med J. 2013; 14: 49. doi: 10.11604/pamj.2013.14.49.1703
4
5. Najimi A, Dolatabadi NK, Esmaeili AA, Sharifirad GR. The effect of educational program on knowledge, attitude and practice of mothers regarding prevention of febrile seizure in children. J Edu Health Promot. 2013, 2:26
5
6. Amini AG, Kazemi A, Ghorbani A. Causes of seizure in 1 month to 15 years old children in Isfahan. Iranian J Neurol. 2009;24(7): 355-60. (Persian)
6
7. Taheri Z, Rayyani M, Soltanahmadi J, Pouraboli B, Movahedi Z. The effects of febrile convulsion control program on knowledge, attitude, anxiety, and action of mothers. Medical - Surgical Nursing Journal, 2014; 3(3): 149-156
7
8. Hazaveyee MS, Shamsi M. The effect of education based on Health Belief Model (HBM) in mothers about behavior of prevention from febrile convulsion in children. Scientific Journal of Hamadan Nursing & Midwifery Faculty. 2013;21(2):37-47.
8
9. Hassanpour Onji S, Ghofrani M, Taheri Deraksh N, Ziaee A. Determining the Risk Factors of Recurrent Febrile Seizure in Children Referring to Hazrat-e-Ali Asghar Childrens Hospital. Razi Journal of Medical Sciences. 2009;16(65):0-0.
9
10. Rkain M, Rkain I, Safi M, Kabiri M, Ahid S, Benjelloun B. Knowledge and management of fever among Moroccan parents/Épisode fébrile chez l'enfant: connaissances des parents marocains et prise en charge par ces derniers. Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal. 2014;20(6):397.
10
11. Kanemura H, Sano F, Mizorogi S, Tando T, Sugita K, Aihara M. Parental thoughts and actions regarding their child's first febrile seizure. Pediatr Intl. 2013;55(3):315-9. doi: 10.1111/ped.12058.
11
12. Namakin K, Sharifzadeh G, Rezaee S. Demographic and clinical characteristic of febrile convulsion in children admitted in Valiasr hospital of Birjand. Journal of Birjand University of Medical Sciences. 2010;17(4):281-7.
12
13. Kharghani Moghadam SM SD, Mahmoudi M, Shojaiezadeh E, Farahmandi H, Khalili S. Effect of education based on health belief model to prevent the arbitrary use of the drug in women referring to Health Centers sabzevar city. J Health Serv Res Policy. 2014:1876-88
13
14. Haerian- Ardakani A, Mohmedi M, Mazloomi Mahmodabad S, Akbari S, Zare D. Comparison of the Effect of Oral Health Education Delivered by a Dental Student and Health Volunteers on the Knowledge, Attitude and Performance of Housewives. Tolooebehdasht. 2013;12(3):184-93.
14
15. Mansourian M, Qorbani M, Rahimzadeh Bazraki H, Charkazi A, Asayesh H, Rezapoor A. Effect of nutritional education based on HBM model on anemia in Golestan girl guidance school students. Iran J Health Educ Health Promot. 2013;1(2):51-6.
15
16. Hashemi Parast M, Shojaizade D, Dehdari T, Gohari MR. Design and evaluation of educational interventions on the health belief model to promote preventive behaviors of urinary tract infection in mothers with children less than 6 years. Razi Journal of Medical Sciences. 2013;20(110):22-8.
16
17. Razi T, Shamsi M, Khorsandi M, Roozbehani N, Ranjbaran M. The Effect of Education based on Health Belief Model (HBM) on the Promotion of Mothers Behavior about Danger Signs in Children less than Five Years axxording to IMC(Integrated Management of children Illness). Arak Medical University Journal. 2015;18(7):34-45.
17
18. Mortada EM, El Safie OS. Effectiveness of Health Education Intervention on Improving Breast Self Examination among Female teachers: Applying Health Belief Model. The Egyptian Journal of Community Medicine. 2013;31(4):17-40.
18
19. Pirzadeh A, Sharifirad GR. Effect of educational program on knowledge and health belief model structures about acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) among high school female student in Isfahan, Iran. J Gorgan Univ Med Sci 2012, 14(3): 66-71.
19
20. SohrabiVafa M, Moeini B, Hazavehei M, Soltanian A, Rezaei L. The effect of education based on Health Belief Model in decreasing dental plaque index among first grade of middle - school girl students in Hamadan. J Urmia Nurs Midwifery Fac. 2013;11(8):639-48.
20
21. B P. Evaluation of an Educational Intervention based on Health Belief Model in Promoting New Born Screening Behavior of Mothers for Early Detection of Children with Congenital Hypothyroidism. J J Commun Med. 2015;2 (1):15.
21
22. Movahed E, Arefi Z, Ameri M. The Effect of Health Belief Model-Based Education (HBM) on Self-Medication among the Male High School Students. Iran J Health Educ Health Promot. 2014;2(1):65-72.
22
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Prevalence and pattern of antibiotic resistance of gram-negative bacteria isolated from urinary tract infections in patients referring to Neka laboratories-Iran
Introduction: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most common bacterial infections. Increased drug resistance has identified the need to evaluate antibiotic resistance patterns to improve experimental therapy. The aim of this study was to identify bacterial agents and determine their drug resistance pattern in patients referring to the Neka diagnostic laboratories. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from December 2016 to April 2017 in patients referred to the Neka Diagnostic Laboratories. Morphological study and identification of isolated bacteria by using hot dyeing and differential biochemical tests were performed. Antibiotic resistance of bacteria was determined by Disc diffusion method in Muller Hinton Agar medium. Results: Of the 573 patients, the most commonly isolated bacteria in the urine included 258 isolates of Escherichia coli (45%), 69 isolates of Enterobacter (12%), 18 isolates of Klebsiella (3.14%), and 7 Pseudomonas isolates (1.22%). Escherichia coli isolates showed the highest and lowest resistance, respectively, to Sulfamethoxazole (30.23%) and Norfloxacin (0.39%) and to the highest sensitivity to Gentamicin (56.59%). Conclusion: The results of this study indicate an increase in the resistance of the strains of E.coli to the Sulfamethoxazole and Ciprofloxacin antibiotics, which may be due to the overdose of these antibiotics. The report of antibiotic susceptibility to commonly occurring organisms in this area can be considered by physicians in experimental treatments.
https://www.ijbmph.com/article_56097_ce767c5f8657557c9e9f5f16999e8d59.pdf
2018-01-24
30
36
10.22631/ijbmph.2018.56097
Urinary tract infections
Disc diffusion method
Antibiotic Resistance
Farzaneh
Zare
1
Bachelor of Microbiology, Non-Profit University of Andishesazan, Neka, Iran
AUTHOR
Farzaneh
Mohammadzadeh Rostami
frz.rostami@gmail.com
2
Instructor of Biology Department, Non-Profit University of Andishesazan, Neka, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Milad
Shahsafi
3
Department of Microbiology, Science Faculty, Islamic Azad University of Arak, Iran
AUTHOR
Neuhauser MM, Weinstein RA, Rydman R, Danziger LH, Karam G, Quinn JP. Antibiotic resistance among gram-negative bacilli in US intensive care units: implications for fluoroquinolone use. Jama. 2003;289(7):885-8.
1
Blair JM, Richmond GE, Piddock LJ. Multidrug efflux pumps in Gram-negative bacteria and their role in antibiotic resistance. Future microbiology. 2014;9(10):1165-77.
2
Blair JM, Webber MA, Baylay AJ, Ogbolu DO, Piddock LJ. Molecular mechanisms of antibiotic resistance. Nature Reviews Microbiology. 2015;13(1):42. doi:10.1038/nrmicro3380
3
Zowawi HM, Harris PN, Roberts MJ, Tambyah PA, Schembri MA, Pezzani MD, Williamson DA, Paterson DL. The emerging threat of multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria in urology. Nature Reviews Urology. 2015;12(10):570. doi: 10.1038/nrurol.2015.199
4
Arjunan M, Al-Salamah AA, Amuthan M: Prevalence and antibiotics susceptibility of uropathogens in patients from a rural environment, Tamilnadu. Am J Infect Dis. 2010, 6:29–33.
5
Mollaabbaszadeh H, Hajisheikhzadeh B, Mollazadeh M, Eslami K, Gheshlaghi N. The Study of sensibility and antimicrobial resistance in Escherichia coli isolated from urinary tract infection in Tabriz city. J Fasa Univ Med Sci. 2013; 3(2): 149-154.
6
Paul M, Carmeli Y, Durante-Mangoni E, Mouton JW, Tacconelli E, Theuretzbacher U, Mussini C, Leibovici L. Combination therapy for carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacteria. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. 2014;69(9):2305-9. doi: 10.1093/jac/dku168
7
Li XZ, Plésiat P, Nikaido H. The challenge of efflux-mediated antibiotic resistance in Gram-negative bacteria. Clinical Microbiology Reviews. 2015;28(2):337-418. doi: 10.1128/CMR.00117-14.
8
Mahmoudi H, Alikhani M, Arabestani MR, Khosravi S. The frequency of bacteria isolated from blood cultures and antibiotic susceptibility patterns among admitted patients in Hospital of Hamedan University of Medical Sciences. Iran J Med Microbiol 2016; 10(4): 69-74
9
Schwechheimer C, Kuehn MJ. Outer-membrane vesicles from Gram-negative bacteria: biogenesis and functions. Nature Reviews Microbiology. 2015;13(10):605. doi: 10.1038/nrmicro3525
10
NorouziKargar M, Porshahian F, Kamali M. Evaluation of the prevalence of urinary tract infections caused by Escherichia coli, antibiotic resistance and Escherichia coli plasmid pattern isolated in Jahrom city. Annals of Military and Health Sciences Research. 2011; 4(1):745 - 749.
11
Mohammadi Sh, Argha K, Akhzarifar N, Panahi Z, Pakzad I, Sayehmiri K. Analysis of cultures of urinary tract infections in Ilam Medical Diagnostic Laboratories During 2012. Sjimu.1395;24: 2.
12
Zhanel GG, Johanson C, Laing N, Hisanaga T, Wierzbowski A, Hoban DJ. Pharmacodynamic activity of telithromycin at simulated clinically achievable free-drug concentrations in serum and epithelial lining fluid against efflux (mefE)-producing macrolide-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae for which telithromycin MICs vary. Anti Microb Agents Chemother. 2005;49(5):1943-8. doi: 10.1128/AAC.49.5.1943-1948.2005.
13
Rivera-Sanchez R, Delgado-Ochoa D, Flores-Paz RR, García-Jiménez EE, Espinosa-Hernández R, Bazan-Borges AA, et al. Prospective study of urinary tract infection surveillance after kidney transplantation. BMC Infect Dis. 2010; 10: 245. doi: 10.1186/1471-2334-10-245.
14
Ash RJ, Mauck B, Morgan M. Antibiotic resistance of gram-negative bacteria in rivers, United States. Emerg Infect Dis. 2002;8(7):713-6. doi: 10.3201/eid0807.010264.
15
Livermore DM, James D, Reacher M, Graham C, Nichols T, Stephens P, Johnson AP, George RC. Trends in fluoroquinolone (ciprofloxacin) resistance in enterobacteriaceae from bacteremias, England and Wales, 1990-1999. Emerg Infect Dis. 2002;8(5):473-8. doi: 10.3201/eid0805.010204.
16
Mehrani Far Z, Salehi M, Amini K. Detection of blaTEM, bla OXA and bla SHV genes in Escherichia coli isolated from colibacillosis in poultry by multiplex-PCR. Veterinary Journal Tabriz. 2016;1(37); 81-89.
17
Farzanfar F, Parvaresh S, Farahmandinia Z, Sarafinejad A, Gharaei N. The Diagnostic value of IL8 compared with CRP, ESR in the detection of bacterial infections in pediatric oncology patients with febrile neutropenia. SJIMU. 2017; 25(3): 160-168.
18
10. Tabaei S, Kouhi Noghondar M, Mohammadzadeh M, Ataei L, Amel Jamehdar S. Pattern of antibiotic resistance in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains isolated from clinical specimens: Imam Rezahospital in Mashhad. Medical Journal of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences. 2016; 59(2): 64-70.Afkhamzadeh A, Majidi F, Ahmadi CH. Risk factorsfor nosocomial infections among burn patients hospitalizedin Tohid hospital, Sanandaj, Kurdistan
19
Iran. Medical Journal of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences. 2016; 59(4): 225-232.
20
Heidarychaleshtari M, Tajbakhsh E, Arbab Soleymani N. antibiotic resistance test in phylogenicisolates of Escherichia coli The cause of urinary tract infections in Shahrekord city. J Shahrekord Univ Med Sci. 2016; 21(2):93-98.
21
Alishah M, Amini K, Salehi T. Detection of virulence genes in Escherichia coli strains isolated from Children with urinary tract infection and their antibiotic resistance profile. J Urmia Nurs Midwifery Fac. 2017: 27(11).
22
Ahmed MN, Vannoy D, Frederick A, Chang S, Lawler E. First-Line Antimicrobial resistance patterns of Escherichia coli in children with urinary tract infection in emergency Department and Primary Care Clinics. Clin Pediatr (Phila). 2016;55(1):19-28. doi: 10.1177/0009922815588822.
23
Borjikermani E, Mirzadi I, Salehi A, Sivandipur H, Nekhei M, Afshar G. Study on the rate and the types of hospital infection in the trauma ICU departments of Kerman hospitals in the first half of 2004. Iranian Journal of Anesthesiology & Critical Care. 2015; 37(91). 166-171.
24
Afrugh P, Mardaneh J, Kaidani A, Serajian AA, Abbasi P, Yahyavi M. Distribution and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of gram negative bacteria causing urinary tract infection (UTI) and etection New Delhi Metallo-betalactamase- 1 (NDM-1) producing isolates in Ahwaz. Iran South Med J. 2016; 19(1): 15-26.
25
Asadpour K, Hashemitabar Gh, Mojtahedi A. Antibiotic-resistance patterns in E.coli isolated from patients with Urinary Tract Infection in Rasht. J Guilan Univ Med Sci. 2016; 24(96): 22-29.
26
Barzan M, Hoseyni-Doust H, Ghalavand Z, Investigation of frequency and antimicrobial pattern of gram-negative bacteria isolated from urine specimens ofchildren with urinary tract infection in Tehran, Iran. Iran J Med Microbiol. 2016; 9(4): 99-104.
27
Zeidabadinejad M, Amini K, Detection of pap, fim, sfa and afa Genes in Eschreshia coli strains isolated from patients with urinary tract infection by multiplex- PCR in Kerman. Jundishapur Sci Med J. 2017; 16(4):393-400. doi: 10.22118/jsmj.2017.51067.
28
Alcántar-Curiel MD, Alpuche-Aranda CM, Varona-Bobadilla HJ, Gayosso-Vázquez C, Jarillo-Quijada MD, Frías-Mendivil M, Sanjuan-Padrón L, Santos-Preciado JI. Risk factors for extended-spectrum β-lactamases-producing Escherichia coli urinary tract infections in a tertiary hospital. Salud Publica Mex. 2015;57(5):412-8.
29
Kulkarni SR, Peerapur BV, Sailesh KS. Isolation and Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern of Escherichia coli from Urinary Tract Infections in a Tertiary Care Hospital of North Eastern Karnataka. J Nat Sci Biol Med. 2017;8(2):176-180. doi: 10.4103/0976-9668.210012.
30
Jakobsen L, Cattoir V, Jensen KS, Hammerum AM, Nordmann P, Frimodt-Møller N. Impact of low-level fluoroquinolone resistance genes qnrA1, qnrB19 and qnrS1 on ciprofloxacin treatment of isogenic Escherichia coli strains in a murine urinary tract infection model. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2012;67(10):2438-44. doi: 10.1093/jac/dks224.
31
Liao CH, Hsueh P-R, Jacoby GA, Hooper DC. Riskfactors and clinical characteristics of patients with qnrpositive Klebsiella pneumoniae bacteremia. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2013;68(12):2907-14. doi: 10.1093/jac/dkt295.
32
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The cost of kidney dialysis in hospitals affiliated to Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences in 2016
Introduction: The first step for cost-benefit analysis and cost-effectiveness and ultimately to formulate the operational budgeting is cost analysis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the cost of kidney dialysis services in hospitals affiliated to Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences in 2016. Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted on 9 dialysis clinics of hospitals affiliated to Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences in the first half of 2016. In each hospital all dialysis cases were selected by census method. The costs were included personnel costs, medication, medical supplies, filters, solvent and powder, consumables and energy carriers. Data collected from documents available in the hospital information system (Ghasedak). Data was computed and presented as the mean and absolute numbers using Microsoft Excel software. Results: In terms of dialysis clinic gross income per the number of active hemodialysis beds Dehgolan dialysis center with 656205 thousand Rials had the highest income and Qorveh dialysis center with 296216 thousand Rials had the lowest. The average income per dialysis session Bijar dialysis center with 3033 thousand Rials had the highest income and Tohid hospital dialysis center with 1500 thousand Rials had the lowest. Average personnel payment per dialysis session in Kamyaran dialysis center with 621 thousand Rials had the lowest and Bijar dialysis center with 1317 thousand Rials had the highest payment. In terms of medicine and supplies Divandareh dialysis center had the highest and Boali hospital dialysis center had the lowest. Calculating cost-income per each dialysis session showed that Tohid hospital, Saghez, Divandareh and Dehgolan dialysis centers were losers. Conclusion: The cost of dialysis services in the dialysis centers of hospitals affiliated to Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences were not the same as tariffs of insurance organizations. Therefore the tariffs of dialysis services in the dialysis centers of hospitals affiliated to Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences should be managed or increased or the dialysis services provide by private sector.
https://www.ijbmph.com/article_55748_fd6d6a21a3158136c7aadc7b29c9a105.pdf
2018-01-15
37
41
10.22631/ijbmph.2018.55748
Cost analysis
Cost-benefit analysis
Cost-Effectiveness
Frdin
Gharibi
fardin.gharibi135@gmail.com
1
M.Sc. of Health management, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Seifollah
Moradi
2
PhD of Business Management, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
AUTHOR
Salahadin
Farshadi
3
M.Sc of Health Services management, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
AUTHOR
Mozhdeh
Zarei
4
M.Sc of Midwifery, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
AUTHOR
Masoud
Rasolabadi
5
M.Sc of Medical Library and Information Science, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
AUTHOR
Shoghli AR, Hamidi Y. Activity-based costing of health services in Zanjan district health service (1999-2000).Journal of Zanjan University of Medical Sciences & Health Services 200; 10(41) : 27-33
1
Antikainen K, Tarja R, Mirva H, Juhani T, Timo K. Activity-based costing process of a daysurgery unit–from cost accounting to comprehensive management. Journal of Frontiers of E-business Research 2005;15(6):775-85
2
Karimi I. Health economics book (second volume). Gap publication; 2005.p. 5-32.
3
Hadian M, Mohammadzadeh A, Imani A,
4
Golestani M. Estimation and analysis of health Services costs in Fatemiye Hospital of Semnan University of Medical Sciences in 2007, using step down method. Health management; 2010; 12(37) :39-48
5
Rajabi A. Principles of design and application of activity based costing system in cost price of Hospital Services. Navid Shiraz Publications; 2008.p.18-26
6
Ebadi Fard Azar F F, A Gorji H, Esmaeili R. Calculation and unit cost analysis of health care services delivered in shahriar S.A.bakhshi health center by Activity Based Costing 2006. JHA. 2006; 9 (23) :31-40
7
Ghanbari AM, Haghighi Sh, Memari RA. Verification of cost of dialysis services and tariffs finished state by using activity-based costing in Imam Sajad Hospital, Shahriyar. Journal of Health Administration .2016; 18(62):17-30
8
Rezapoor A , Ebadifard Azar F, Arabloo J. Cost analysis of hemodialysis in Iran: a study from Qazvin (2008-2009) .Payesh, Journal of the Iranian Institute For Health Sciences Research 2012؛ 11(4) : 435-442
9
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Self-care behaviors and related factors in chronic heart failure patients
Introduction: Heart failure is a chronic disease that requires special lifelong self-care behaviors.These patients require to have self-care behaviors to confront their disease problems. Therefore, this study was designed and conducted to determine the status of self-care behaviors and its related factors. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 150 patients with chronic heart failure who were chosen purposively and were hospitalized in the cardiac wards of Tohid hospital in Sanandaj. Data collection tools included two questionnaires. The first one was a demographic questionnaire and information about the disease. The second one was the European scale of self-care behaviors of heart failure patients which were completed through patient interviews. The collected data was analyzed by using SPSS16. Results: The average rate of self-care behaviors by most patients was (39.54±7.22) and it has correlation with factors such as: Level of education, place of residence and education about the disease (P<0.05).However, its relationship with age, gender, occupation, marital status, class of patients, smoking, drugs and alcohol was not statistically significant (P>0.05). Conclusion: The results of this study indicated that the level of self-care behaviors in patients with heart failure was moderate. Therefore, it is required to train and educate patients with chronic heart failure.
https://www.ijbmph.com/article_56100_258d98923fb2f22d1dd11c3ac63af34c.pdf
2018-01-18
42
47
10.22631/ijbmph.2018.56100
Self-care behaviors
Chronic heart failure
Related factors
Mohammad Iraj
Bagheri –Saweh
bagheri57571@gmail.com
1
School of Nursing and Midwifery, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Asrin
Lotfi
2
Student Research Committee, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
AUTHOR
Shahnaz
Salawati Ghasemi
3
School of Nursing and Midwifery, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
AUTHOR
1. Jaarsma T, Halfens R, Senten M, Saad HHA, Dracup K. Developing a supportive-educative program for patients with advanced heart failure within Orem's general theory of nursing. Nurs Sci Q. 2000;2(1):79-85.
1
2. Riegel B, Dickson VV, Kuhn L, Page K, Worrall-Carter L. Gender-specific barriers and facilitators to heart failure self-care: a mixed methods study. Int J Nurs Stud. 2010;47(7):888-95.
2
3. Heo S, Moser DK, Lennie TA, Riegel B, Chung ML. Gender differences in and factors related to self-care behaviors: a cross-sectional, correlational study of patients with heart failure. Int J Nurs Stud. 2008;45(12):1807-15.
3
4. HabibollahZadeh H, Baghaiee R, Abolfathi L, Ghasemzadeh P. Examination the reasons of CHF and the knowledgment and function of patients in self-care. Journal of Medical Council of Islamic Republic of Iran. 2001;19(2):85-9.
4
5. Rezaei-Louyeh H, Dalvandi A, Hosseini MA, Rahgozar M. The Effect of Self Care Education on Quality of Life among Patients with Heart Failure. Quarterly Journal of Rehabilitation. 2009;10(2):21-7.
5
6. Shojaei F, Asemi M, Najaf Yarandi A, Hosseini F. Self Care Behaviours, Quality of Life Among Patients with Heart Failure. Iran Journal of Nursing. 2006;18(44):49-55.
6
7. Jaarsma T, Strömberg A, Mårtensson J, Dracup K. Development and testing of the European Heart Failure Self‐Care Behaviour Scale. Eur J Heart Fail. 2003;5(3):363-70.
7
8. Deaton C, Grady KL. State of the science for cardiovascular nursing outcomes: heart failure. Eur J Cardiovasc Nurs. 2004;19(5):329-38.
8
9. Rafieefar S, Atarzadeh M, Asl MA. People comprehensive rehabilitation system for health care. 1, editor. Ghom: Ghom Medical Sciences and Health Services University; 2005.
9
10. Dickson VV, Deatrick JA, Riegel B. A typology of heart failure self-care management in non-elders. Eur J Cardiovasc Nurs.. 2008;7(3):171-81.
10
11. Gonzalez B, Lupon J, Parajon T, Urrutia A, Herreros J, Valle V. Use of the European Heart Failure Self-care Behaviour Scale (EHFScBS) in a heart failure unit in Spain. J Card Fail. 2006;59(4):15-21.
11
12. Alizadeh Z, Ashktorab T. Correlation between social support and self-care behaviors of patients with heart failure in heart internal wards of hospitals affiliated with Shaheed Beheshti Medical Sciences and Health Services University. Tehran: Shaheed Beheshti Medical Sciences and Health Services University; 2011
12
13. Shojaei F, Asemi S, Yarandi AN, Hosseini F. Self-care behaviors in patients with CHF. Payesh Journal
13
2009;8(4):361-9.
14
14. Azarpad M, Shahpourian F, MuhammadLyha J, Rafie F. Examination the correlation between self-care behaviors and self-care needs in patients with CHF refferd to Shahid Rajaee hospital. Tehran: Iran Medical Sciences and Health Services University; 2005.
15
15. Rockwell JM, Riegel B. Predictors of self-care in persons with heart failure. Heart Lung. 2001;30(1):18-25.
16
16. Mohammad Hassani M. R., Farahani B., Zohour A. R., Panahi Azar Sh. Self-care ability based on Orem’s theory in individuals with coronary artery disease. Iranian Journal of Critical Care Nursing. 2010;3(2):15-6.
17
17. Naghib S, AbedSaeedi J. Correlation self-efficiency and compliance in patients suffering from tuberculosis (Disseration). Tehran: Shahid Beheshti Medicine Science University 2010.
18
18. Morowatisharifabad M, Rouhani Tonekaboni N. Perceived self-efficacy in self-care behaviors among diabetic patients referring to Yazd Diabetes Research Center. Journal of Birjand University of Medical Sciences. 2008;15(4):91-9.
19
19. Shakibazadeh E, Rashidian A, Larijani B, Shojaeezadeh D, Forouzanfar M, Karimi Shahanjarini A. Perceived Barriers and Self-efficacy: Impact on Self-care Behaviors in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes. Hayat. 2010;15(4):69-78.
20
20. Thomas LK, Sargent RG, Michels PC, Richter DL, Valois RF, Moore CG. Identification of the factors associated with compliance to therapeutic diets in older
21
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Thalassemia an update: molecular basis, clinical features and treatment
Thalassemia are a group of inherited blood disorders caused by the decrease or absence of beta-globin chain synthesis will be determined with decrease in erythrocyte hemoglobin, decreased production of erythrocytes and anemia. More thalassemia is inherited as recessive autosomal. According to this fact that which one of the chains are involved, they invide into two type including alpha and beta thalassemia, which each of them including several types. Thalassemia major is more extensive and patient needs to blood transfusion, but thalassemia minor is slight. The most important problem in this patient include iron overload, cardiac arrhythmia, hepatitis, osteoporosis and endocrine disorder however there are typical signs and symptoms of anemia. Treatment including Change of expression and production of HbF, Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and Maintenance Treatment such as chelators therapy, Induction of fetal hemoglobin production by using Hydroxia urea, use of immunomodulator agents and Molecular Therapy by targeting of genes involving in HbF expression.in this article we review the thalassemia disorder and discuss on molecular basis, clinical features and treatment.
https://www.ijbmph.com/article_56102_86f757084a3462c479772468c362d3a1.pdf
2018-01-15
48
58
10.22631/ijbmph.2018.56102
Thalassemia
Molecular basis, Clinical features, Treatment
Kaveh
Tari
k.tari@modares.ac.ir
1
Cancer and Immunology Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Pooya
Valizadeh Ardalan
2
Student Research Committee, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
AUTHOR
Mahnoosh
Abbaszadehdibavar
a@yahoo.com
3
Department of Hematology, Faculty of medical science, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
Amir
Atashi
atashia@modares.ac.ir
4
Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Research Center, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
AUTHOR
Ali
Jalili
ali130@gmail.com
5
Cancer and Immunology Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
AUTHOR
Maryam
Gheidishahran
b@yahoo.com
6
Department of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, School of Allied Medical Science, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran
AUTHOR
1. Birgens H, Ljung R. The thalassaemia syndromes. Scandinavian journal of clinical and laboratory investigation. 2007;67(1):11-26.
1
2. Ingram V, Stretton A. Genetic basis of the thalassaemia diseases. Nature. 1959;184:1903-9.
2
3. Flint J, Harding RM, Boyce AJ, Clegg JB. 1 The population genetics of the haemoglobinopathies. Baillière's clinical haematology. 1998;11(1):1-51.
3
4. Vichinsky EP. Changing patterns of thalassemia worldwide. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 2005;1054(1):18-24.
4
5. Taher A, Vichinsky E, Musallam K, Cappellini M, Viprakasit V. Thalassemia International Federation. Guidelines for the management of non-transfusion dependent thalassaemia (NTDT). Thalassaemia International Federation, Nicosia, Cyprus Available at: http://www thalassaemia org cy/wp-content/uploads/pdf/educational-programmes/Publications/Non-Transfusion% 20Dependent% 20Thalassaemias. 2013;20(282013):29.
5
6. Rahim F, Abromand M. Spectrum of ß-Thalassemia mutations in various Ethnic Regions of Iran. PAKISTAN Journal of Medical Sciences. 2008;24(3):410.
6
7. Giardine B, van Baal S, Kaimakis P, Riemer C, Miller W, Samara M, et al. HbVar database of human hemoglobin variants and thalassemia mutations: 2007 update. Human Mutation. 2007;28(2):206-.
7
8. Hardison RC, Chui DH, Giardine B, Riemer C, Patrinos GP, Anagnou N, et al. HbVar: a relational database of human hemoglobin variants and thalassemia mutations at the globin gene server. Human mutation. 2002;19(3):225-33.
8
9. Galanello R, Cao A. Relationship between Genotype and Phenotype: Thalassemia Intermediaa. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 1998;850(1):325-33.
9
10. Pagon RA, Adam MP, Ardinger HH, Bird TD, Dolan CR, Fong C-T, et al. Beta-Thalassemia. 2013.
10
11. Maakaron JE, Cappellini MD, Taher AT. An update on thalassemia intermedia. Le Journal medical libanais The Lebanese medical journal. 2012;61(3):175-82.
11
12. Origa R. Beta-Thalassemia. Genetics in Medicine, 2017, 19.6: 609.
12
13. Origa R, Moi P, Galanello R, Cao A. Alpha-thalassemia. 2013.
13
14. Mahdavi M, Kowsarian M, Karami H, Mohseni A, Vahidshahi K, Roshan P, et al. Prevalence of hemoglobin alpha-chain gene deletion in neonates in North of Iran. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2010;14(10):871-5.
14
15. Reyes-Núñez V, Garcés-Eisele J, Jorge S, Kimura E, Ferreira-Costa F, de Fátima Sonati M, et al. Molecular characterization of alpha-thalassemia in the Mexican population. Revista de investigación clínica. 2006;58(3):234.
15
16. Zimmer E, Martin S, Beverley S, Kan Y, Wilson AC. Rapid duplication and loss of genes coding for the alpha chains of hemoglobin. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 1980;77(4):2158-62.
16
17. Muncie Jr HL, Campbell J. Alpha and beta thalassemia. American family physician. 2009;80(4):339-44.
17
18. Tang DC, Fucharoen S, Ding I, Rodgers GP. Rapid differentiation of five common α-thalassemia genotypes by polymerase chain reaction. Journal of Laboratory and Clinical Medicine. 2001;137(4):290-5.
18
19. Galanello R, Origa R. Beta-thalassemia. Orphanet journal of rare diseases. 2010;5(1):1.
19
20. Papakonstantinou O, Drakonaki EE, Maris T, Vasiliadou A, Papadakis A, Gourtsoyiannis N. MR imaging of spleen in beta-thalassemia major. Abdominal imaging. 2015;40(7):2777-82.
20
21. Taher A, Vichinsky E, Musallam K, Cappellini M, Viprakasit V. Guidelines for the Clinical Management of Non-Transfusion Dependent Thalassaemia (NTDT). ed. D. Weatherall; 2013.
21
22. Trivedi DJ, Sagare A. Assessment of Iron Overload in Homozygous and Heterozygous Beta Thalassemic Children below 5 Years of Age. Journal of Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences (JKIMSU). 2014;3(2).
22
23. Salama KM, Ibrahim OM, Kaddah AM, Boseila S, Ismail LA, Hamid MMA. Liver enzymes in children with beta-thalassemia major: Correlation with iron overload and viral hepatitis. Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences. 2015;3(2):287.
23
24. Elalfy MS, Esmat G, Matter RM, Abdel Aziz H, Massoud WA. Liver fibrosis in young Egyptian beta-thalassemia major patients: relation to hepatitis C virus and compliance with chelation. Ann Hepatol. 2013;12(10):54.
24
25. Galanello R, Origa R. Beta-thalassemia: Orphanet J Rare Dis. Journal of Continuing Education Topics & Issues. 2012;14(1):33-4.
25
26. Keikhaei B, Zandian K, Rahim F. Existence of cord compression in extramedullary hematopoiesis due to beta thalassemia intermedia. Hematology. 2013.
26
27. Chalevelakis G, Clegg J, Weatherall D. Imbalanced globin chain synthesis in heterozygous beta-thalassemic bone marrow. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 1975;72(10):3853-7.
27
28. Ghaffari S. Oxidative stress in the regulation of normal and neoplastic hematopoiesis. Antioxidants & redox signaling. 2008;10(11):1923-40.
28
29. Fang J, Menon M, Kapelle W, Bogacheva O, Bogachev O, Houde E, et al. EPO modulation of cell-cycle regulatory genes, and cell division, in primary bone marrow erythroblasts. Blood. 2007;110(7):2361-70.
29
30. Gregory T, Yu C, Ma A, Orkin SH, Blobel GA, Weiss MJ. GATA-1 and erythropoietin cooperate to promote erythroid cell survival by regulating bcl-xL expression. Blood. 1999;94(1):87-96.
30
31. Yatim NFM, Rahim MA, Menon K, Al-Hassan FM, Ahmad R, Manocha AB, et al. Molecular Characterization of α-and β-Thalassaemia among Malay Patients. International journal of molecular sciences. 2014;15(5):8835-45.
31
32. Yin A, Li B, Luo M, Xu L, Wu L, Zhang L, et al. The prevalence and molecular spectrum of α-and β-globin gene mutations in 14,332 families of Guangdong Province, China. PLoS One. 2014;9(2):e89855.
32
33. Kazazian Jr H, Orkin S, Antonarakis S, Sexton J, Boehm CD, Goff S, et al. Molecular characterization of seven beta-thalassemia mutations in Asian Indians. The EMBO journal. 1984;3(3):593.
33
34. Arab A, Karimipoor M, Rajabi A, Hamid M, Arjmandi S, Zeinali S. Molecular characterization of β-thalassemia intermedia: a report from Iran. Molecular biology reports. 2011;38(7):4321-6.
34
35. Najmabadi H, Karimi-Nejad R, Sahebjam S, Pourfarzad F, Teimourian S, Sahebjam F, et al. The β-thalassemia mutation spectrum in the Iranian population. Hemoglobin. 2001;25(3):285-96.
35
36. Hosseinpour Feizi MA, Hosseinpour Feizi AA, Pouladi N, Haghi M, Azarfam P. Molecular spectrum of β-thalassemia mutations in Northwestern Iran. Hemoglobin. 2008;32(3):255-61.
36
37. Socolovsky M, Murrell M, Liu Y, Pop R, Porpiglia E, Levchenko A. Negative autoregulation by FAS mediates robust fetal erythropoiesis. PLoS Biol. 2007;5(10):e252.
37
38. Palis J. Ontogeny of erythropoiesis. Current opinion in hematology. 2008;15(3):155-61.
38
39. Hengartner MO. The biochemistry of apoptosis. Nature. 2000;407(6805):770-6.
39
40. Heemels M-T, Dhand R, Allen L. The biochemistry of apoptosis. Nature. 2000;407(6805):770-6.
40
41. Yuan J, Angelucci E, Lucarelli G, Aljurf M, Snyder L, Kiefer C, et al. Accelerated programmed cell death (apoptosis) in erythroid precursors of patients with severe beta-thalassemia (Cooley's anemia)[see comments]. Blood. 1993;82(2):374-7.
41
42. Pootrakul P, Sirankapracha P, Hemsorach S, Moungsub W, Kumbunlue R, Piangitjagum A, et al. A correlation of erythrokinetics, ineffective erythropoiesis, and erythroid precursor apoptosis in Thai patients with thalassemia. Blood. 2000;96(7):2606-12.
42
43. Ribeil J-A, Arlet J-B, Dussiot M, Cruz Moura I, Courtois G, Hermine O. Ineffective erythropoiesis in β-thalassemia. The Scientific World Journal. 2013;2013.
43
44. Rund D, Rachmilewitz E. β-Thalassemia. New England Journal of Medicine. 2005;353(11):1135-46.
44
45. Schrier SL, Centis F, Verneris M, Ma L, Angelucci E. The role of oxidant injury in the pathophysiology of human thalassemias. Redox report. 2013.
45
46. Musallam KM, Cappellini MD, Wood JC, Taher AT. Iron overload in non-transfusion-dependent thalassemia: a clinical perspective. Blood reviews. 2012;26:S16-S9.
46
47. Hershko C, Link G, Cabantchik I. Pathophysiology of Iron Overloada. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 1998;850(1):191-201.
47
48. Malik S, Syed S, Ahmed N. Complications in transfusion–dependent patients of ß-thalassemia major. Pak J Med Sci. 2009;25(4):678-82.
48
49. Aessopos A, Farmakis D. Pulmonary Hypertension in β‐Thalassemia. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 2005;1054(1):342-9.
49
50. Anthi A, Orfanos SE, Armaganidis A. Pulmonary hypertension in β thalassaemia. The Lancet Respiratory Medicine. 2013;1(6):488-96.
50
51. Aessopos A, Berdoukas V, Tsironi M. The heart in transfusion dependent homozygous thalassaemia today–prediction, prevention and management. European journal of haematology. 2008;80(2):93-106.
51
52. Toumba M, Sergis A, Kanaris C, Skordis N. Endocrine complications in patients with Thalassaemia Major. Pediatric endocrinology reviews. 2007;5(2):642.
52
53. De Sanctis V, Eleftheriou A, Malaventura C. Prevalence of endocrine complications and short stature in patients with thalassaemia major: a multicenter study by the Thalassaemia International Federation (TIF). Pediatric endocrinology reviews: PER. 2004;2:249-55.
53
54. Shamshirsaz AA, Bekheirnia MR, Kamgar M, Pourzahedgilani N, Bouzari N, Habibzadeh M, et al. Metabolic and endocrinologic complications in beta-thalassemia major: a multicenter study in Tehran. BMC Endocrine Disorders. 2003;3(1):1.
54
55. Cunningham MJ, Macklin EA, Neufeld EJ, Cohen AR, Network TCR. Complications of β-thalassemia major in North America. Blood. 2004;104(1):34-9.
55
56. Cappellini MD, Musallam KM, Marcon A, Taher AT. Coagulopathy in beta-thalassemia: current understanding and future perspectives. Mediterranean journal of hematology and infectious diseases. 2009;1(1).
56
57. Eldor A, Durst R, Hy‐Am E, Goldfarb A, Gillis S, Rachmilewitz E, et al. A chronic hypercoagulable state in patients with β‐thalassaemia major is already present in childhood. British journal of haematology. 1999;107(4):739-46.
57
58. Okada S, Taketa K, Ishikawa T, Koji T, Swe T, Win N, et al. High prevalence of hepatitis C in patients with thalassemia and patients with liver diseases in Myanmar (Burma). Acta Medica Okayama. 2000;54(3):137-8.
58
59. Bielinski B, Darbyshire P, Mathers L, Boivin C, Shaw N. Bone density in the Asian thalassaemic population: a cross‐sectional review. Acta Paediatrica. 2001;90(11):1262-6.
59
60. Saffari F, Abolfazl M. Bone mineral density in patients with Beta-Thalassemia Major in Qazvin. Journal of Isfahan Medical School. 2008;26(89):175~ 82.
60
61. Thein SL. The emerging role of fetal hemoglobin induction in non-transfusion-dependent thalassemia. Blood reviews. 2012;26:S35-S9.
61
62. Musallam KM, Taher AT, Cappellini MD, Sankaran VG. Clinical experience with fetal hemoglobin induction therapy in patients with β-thalassemia. Blood. 2013;121(12):2199-212.
62
63. Ansari SH, Lassi ZS, Ali SM, Adil SO, Shamsi TS. Hydroxyurea for ß‐thalassaemia major. The Cochrane Library. 2016.
63
64. Fard AD, Hosseini SA, Shahjahani M, Salari F, Jaseb K. Evaluation of novel fetal hemoglobin inducer drugs in treatment of β-hemoglobinopathy disorders. International journal of hematology-oncology and stem cell research. 2013;7(3):47-54.
64
65. Angelucci E, Matthes-Martin S, Baronciani D, Bernaudin F, Bonanomi S, Cappellini MD, et al. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in thalassemia major and sickle cell disease: indications and management recommendations from an international expert panel. Haematologica. 2014;99(5):811-20.
65
66. Bernardo ME, Piras E, Vacca A, Giorgiani G, Zecca M, Bertaina A, et al. Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in thalassemia major: results of a reduced-toxicity conditioning regimen based on the use of treosulfan. Blood. 2012;120(2):473-6.
66
67. Mathews V, George B, Viswabandya A, Abraham A, Ahmed R, Ganapule A, et al. Improved clinical outcomes of high risk β thalassemia major patients undergoing a HLA matched related allogeneic stem cell transplant with a treosulfan based conditioning regimen and peripheral blood stem cell grafts. PloS one. 2013;8(4):e61637.
67
68. King A, Shenoy S. Evidence-based focused review of the status of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation as treatment of sickle cell disease and thalassemia. Blood. 2014;123(20):3089-94.
68
69. Kwiatkowski JL. Real-world use of iron chelators. ASH Education Program Book. 2011;2011(1):451-8.
69
70. Wilber A, Nienhuis AW, Persons DA. Transcriptional regulation of fetal to adult hemoglobin switching: new therapeutic opportunities. Blood. 2011;117(15):3945-53.
70
71. Voskaridou E, Christoulas D, Bilalis A, Plata E, Varvagiannis K, Stamatopoulos G, et al. The effect of prolonged administration of hydroxyurea on morbidity and mortality in adult patients with sickle cell syndromes: results of a 17-year, single-center trial (LaSHS). Blood. 2010;115(12):2354-63.
71
72. El-Beshlawy A, Hamdy M, El Ghamrawy M. Fetal globin induction in β-thalassemia. Hemoglobin. 2009;33(sup1):S197-S203.
72
73. Krakoff IH, Brown NC, Reichard P. Inhibition of ribonucleoside diphosphate reductase by hydroxyurea. Cancer Research. 1968;28(8):1559-65.
73
74. McGann PT, Ware RE. Hydroxyurea therapy for sickle cell anemia. Expert opinion on drug safety. 2015;14(11):1749-58.
74
75. Zargari O, Kimyai-Asadi A, Jafroodi M, Chaine B, Neonato M, Girot R, et al. Hydroxyurea for Sickle Cell Anemia. N Engl J Med. 2008;2008(359):98-9.
75
76. Platt O, Orkin S, Dover G, Beardsley G, Miller B, Nathan D. Hydroxyurea enhances fetal hemoglobin production in sickle cell anemia. Journal of Clinical Investigation. 1984;74(2):652.
76
77. Ramamurthi A, Devaraj J, Ramkrishna D. Monitoring Hydroxyurea Treatment Of Sickle Cell Anemia. 2014.
77
78. Tang DC, Zhu J, Liu W, Chin K, Sun J, Chen L, et al. The hydroxyurea-induced small GTP-binding protein SAR modulates γ-globin gene expression in human erythroid cells. Blood. 2005;106(9):3256-63.
78
79. King SB. Nitric oxide production from hydroxyurea. Free Radical Biology and Medicine. 2004;37(6):737-44.
79
80. McGann PT, Ware RE. Hydroxyurea for sickle cell anemia: what have we learned and what questions still remain? Current Opinion in Hematology. 2011;18(3):158.
80
81. Ley TJ, DeSimone J, Anagnou NP, Keller GH, Humphries RK, Turner PH, et al. 5-Azacytidine selectively increases γ-globin synthesis in a patient with β+ thalassemia. New England Journal of Medicine. 1982;307(24):1469-75.
81
82. Lowrey CH, Nienhuis AW. Treatment with azacitidine of patients with end-stage β-thalassemia. New England Journal of Medicine. 1993;329(12):845-8.
82
83. Von Hoff DD, Slavik M, Muggia FM. 5-Azacytidine: a new anticancer drug with effectiveness in acute myelogenous leukemia. Annals of Internal Medicine. 1976;85(2):237-45.
83
84. LuÈbbert M, Wijermans P, Kunzmann R, Verhoef G, Bosly A, Ravoet C, et al. Cytogenetic responses in high‐risk myelodysplastic syndrome following low‐dose treatment with the DNA methylation inhibitor 5‐aza‐2′‐deoxycytidine. British Journal of Haematology. 2001;114(2):349-57.
84
85. Lavelle D, Saunthararajah Y, Vaitkus K, Singh M, Banzon V, Phiasivongsva P, et al. S110, a novel decitabine dinucleotide, increases fetal hemoglobin levels in baboons (P. anubis). Journal of Translational Medicine. 2010;8(1):1.
85
86. Fibach E, Kollia P, Schechter A, Noguchi C, Rodgers G. Hemin-induced acceleration of hemoglobin production in immature cultured erythroid cells: preferential enhancement of fetal hemoglobin. Blood. 1995;85(10):2967-74.
86
87. Scott MD, Eaton JW. Thalassaemic erythrocytes: cellular suicide arising from iron and glutathione‐dependent oxidation reactions? British Journal of Haematology. 1995;91(4):811-9.
87
88. Moutouh-de Parseval LA, Verhelle D, Glezer E, Jensen-Pergakes K, Ferguson GD, Corral LG, et al. Pomalidomide and lenalidomide regulate erythropoiesis and fetal hemoglobin production in human CD34+ cells. The Journal of clinical investigation. 2008;118(1):248-58.
88
89. Masera N, Tavecchia L, Capra M, Cazzaniga G, Vimercati C, Pozzi L, et al. Optimal response to thalidomide in a patient with thalassaemia major resistant to conventional therapy. Blood Transfus. 2010;8(1):63-5.
89
90. Meiler SE, Wade M, Kutlar F, Yerigenahally SD, Xue Y, Moutouh-de Parseval LA, et al. Pomalidomide augments fetal hemoglobin production without the myelosuppressive effects of hydroxyurea in transgenic sickle cell mice. Blood. 2011;118(4):1109-12.
90
91. Dehghani-Fard A, Kaviani S, Saki N, Mortaz E. The emerging role of immunomodulatory agents in fetal hemoglobin induction. International Journal of Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Research. 2015;6(4):35-6.
91
92. Quek L, Thein SL. Molecular therapies in β‐thalassaemia. British Journal of Haematology. 2007;136(3):353-65.
92
93. Sankaran VG, Menne TF, Xu J, Akie TE, Lettre G, Van Handel B, et al. Human fetal hemoglobin expression is regulated by the developmental stage-specific repressor BCL11A. Science. 2008;322(5909):1839-42.
93
94. Zhou D, Liu K, Sun C-W, Pawlik KM, Townes TM. KLF1 regulates BCL11A expression and [gamma]-to [beta]-globin gene switching. Nature Genetics. 2010;42(9):742-4.
94
95. Bradner JE, Mak R, Tanguturi SK, Mazitschek R, Haggarty SJ, Ross K, et al. Chemical genetic strategy identifies histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) and HDAC2 as therapeutic targets in sickle cell disease. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2010;107(28):12617-22.
95
96. Satta S, Perseu L, Moi P, Asunis I, Cabriolu A, Maccioni L, et al. Compound heterozygosity for KLF1 mutations associated with remarkable increase of fetal hemoglobin and red cell protoporphyrin. Haematologica. 2011;96(5):767-70.
96
97. Sankaran VG, Xu J, Byron R, Greisman HA, Fisher C, Weatherall DJ, et al. A functional element necessary for fetal hemoglobin silencing. New England Journal of Medicine. 2011;365(9):807-14.
97
98. Jiang J, Best S, Menzel S, Silver N, Lai MI, Surdulescu GL, et al. cMYB is involved in the regulation of fetal hemoglobin production in adults. Blood. 2006;108(3):1077-83.
98
99. Lopez RA, Schoetz S, DeAngelis K, O'Neill D, Bank A. Multiple hematopoietic defects and delayed globin switching in Ikaros null mice. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2002;99(2):602-7.
99
100. Tanabe O, Katsuoka F, Campbell AD, Song W, Yamamoto M, Tanimoto K, et al. An embryonic/fetal β‐type globin gene repressor contains a nuclear receptor TR2/TR4 heterodimer. The EMBO journal. 2002;21(13):3434-42.
100
101. Jane SM, Nienhuis AW, Cunningham JM. Hemoglobin switching in man and chicken is mediated by a heteromeric complex between the ubiquitous transcription factor CP2 and a developmentally specific protein. The EMBO Journal. 1995;14(1):97-105.
101